1.
A)
An operating system is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on the computer. It manages the computer's hardware resources, as well as providing common services for the execution of various softwares.
B)
Two utilities provided by an operating system that would be helpful for the author who has broken his arm would be speech recognition and the management of the communication between a microphone and the computer. This would allow the author to speak into the microphone and it would type this for him, allowing him to work on his novel while being crippled.
4.
A)
Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computer systems which are able to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.
B)
Clippy could tell that the user was writing a letter by possibly recognizing the format of the letter, or looking for key words such as dear. Also, letters normally contain an address at the top, which may be an indicator. Clippy is able to recognize these things and know that the user is writing a letter, and then it will give them the option of using its help or not.
2.
A)
Two technical reasons why the quality of videos viewed from web sites can be limited are that the files are compressed so that they can be held and shown on the websites. Also, the media-players on the website may not be high quality, and able to play videos in high quality. It also would take longer to download or stream a higher quality video.
B)
Two reasons why some web-based videos do not play at all on a home computer is because the media-player software may not be compatible with the computer system, or it may not be downloaded on the computer yet. An example of this is if a computer does not have adobe flash-player than it would not be able to play youtube videos. The browser may also be the problem, as some browsers such as safari have had problems playing videos online from sites such as youtube.
C)
This may be because of the web because it has gotten exposure for these performing arts. It also may have been used for advertising, which would catch the attention of people surfing the web and perhaps draw them in. Also, ticket sales may be available online, and information about these performing arts is very easily accessed if there is a website for them. Also, videos of these arts such as opera or ballet are able to be watched, and people may have watched them and realized they liked it.
3.
A) A text file is a storage of data which consists of characters.
B) An OCR can convert handwriting to a text file by scanning the written text and then changing it into characters and storing this in a file. The pattern of the written letters are matched with type and this is inserted into a word document.
Thursday, April 14, 2011
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
4.12 classwork
1
A) A print server manages one or more printers, and a network server manages network traffic. A database server processes database queries.
B) One advantage of a school giving students USB drives is that they are able to save their data and documents they make on school computers, and they are able to bring them home. A disadvantage is the students may use them for bad things, such as transferring viruses onto the school computers, or just use them for music.
C) They should save the documents in a different place such as google docs. They should also put the USB drives in a safe place when they are transporting them. This would make sure that they do not lose the USB drive. They should also put a password on the USB drive so nobody can access the documents and steal them.
4
A)
i)database
ii)Another task that could be performed by a wizard is to search a program.
B)
Two other IT methods to help them use application software would be to look up a tutorial on how to use the software, or to find an instructional video on using the application software. Both of these methods would allow the user to better understand the application, as well as find out how to do whatever they do not know how to do.
C)
It is the complete responsibility of the company to pay for the training of the employee. They are the ones who want to have the employee be able to use the software, and so it is their responsibility to pay for the training. The company will also benefit from the employee learning to do whatever they are learning to do, and so it will be in their interest for them to know how to do it. The employee is also using his or her time to learn, and so they should not have to pay as well.
5.
A)
i) 1024 GB, it is a multiple of a byte which holds information
ii) A GPS is a global positioning system, which determines the location of itself as well as its movement. It can be used to find places.
B)
First an image would be taken by a satellite of an area. Then this image would be saved by a hard drive on the satellite, or accessed by someone and then saved on their hard drive. These would probably be held on a server, and then displayed on google earth.
C)
The GPS technology and the mapping software help the user find the destination. The GPS finds the location of the user, and then the mapping software selects the route that the user will take. The GPS technology is then used to tell where the user is and when they have to make a turn, and is able to give the user real time directions to the destination as well as showing the user where they are on the map.
D)
A) A print server manages one or more printers, and a network server manages network traffic. A database server processes database queries.
B) One advantage of a school giving students USB drives is that they are able to save their data and documents they make on school computers, and they are able to bring them home. A disadvantage is the students may use them for bad things, such as transferring viruses onto the school computers, or just use them for music.
C) They should save the documents in a different place such as google docs. They should also put the USB drives in a safe place when they are transporting them. This would make sure that they do not lose the USB drive. They should also put a password on the USB drive so nobody can access the documents and steal them.
4
A)
i)database
ii)Another task that could be performed by a wizard is to search a program.
B)
Two other IT methods to help them use application software would be to look up a tutorial on how to use the software, or to find an instructional video on using the application software. Both of these methods would allow the user to better understand the application, as well as find out how to do whatever they do not know how to do.
C)
It is the complete responsibility of the company to pay for the training of the employee. They are the ones who want to have the employee be able to use the software, and so it is their responsibility to pay for the training. The company will also benefit from the employee learning to do whatever they are learning to do, and so it will be in their interest for them to know how to do it. The employee is also using his or her time to learn, and so they should not have to pay as well.
5.
A)
i) 1024 GB, it is a multiple of a byte which holds information
ii) A GPS is a global positioning system, which determines the location of itself as well as its movement. It can be used to find places.
B)
First an image would be taken by a satellite of an area. Then this image would be saved by a hard drive on the satellite, or accessed by someone and then saved on their hard drive. These would probably be held on a server, and then displayed on google earth.
C)
The GPS technology and the mapping software help the user find the destination. The GPS finds the location of the user, and then the mapping software selects the route that the user will take. The GPS technology is then used to tell where the user is and when they have to make a turn, and is able to give the user real time directions to the destination as well as showing the user where they are on the map.
D)
Monday, April 4, 2011
Bike Database
4.
A) Two IT features of a smart card are that they contain a built-in processor and are programmable, and smart cards have secure storage for data including private keys. They can be used to open doors.
B) The process to authenticate the cyclist when collecting a bike would be for the cyclist to insert or have the rack scan their smart card. The information from the card would be taken, and then the cyclist would enter their PIN or secret code, and If this matched the information on the card, then the persons account would be charged for the bike and the bike would be released. The information of the bike that was taken would be recorded by the machine. The cyclist would then take the bike and ride away.
C) The benefits of using a relational database instead of a flat-file database would be the database would be able to match the bike number with the rental and then the person who rented the bike. This would save time in seeing who took the bike because instead of looking through the flat file database and trying to find databases, the relationships could be queried and the results would appear. This is much more efficient, and it also allows the Bike and Rental and People to be on different pages, which would cause less confusion. It is much easier to query and find the information than use a flat file database and have to search yourself.
D) There are many privacy and security concerns that could arise through the use of the database to record bike rentals, which relate to the credit card number of the cyclist being in the database, the location of the cyclist being known, and the security of a smart card. A security concern arises from the credit card number of the cyclist being recorded in the database along with his name. If the database is hacked, not only the credit card number will be stolen but also the name of the person would be known. They would know who they were stealing from, and this could cause targeted hacks looking for the credit card number of a certain person. This could result in black mail or the loss of money by the cyclist. The privacy and security of the cyclist is also risked when his information is put in the database, because the location and bike number that he used is known and recorded. Therefore, his approximate location is known. If a person wanted to know the persons location they could hack the database and easily find it out. The government could also use this to track the location of its citizens by seeing where they get their bikes and return them, and this could be used to track them. Also, a security concern that your account could be used by another person arises from the use of a smart card to rent your bike. The smart card could be lost and taken by another person, or your card could be copied or manufactured by another person. They could then rent bikes at your expense, and not return them causing your account to be charged with the late fees. All in all, the security and privacy concerns that stem from the use of a database to hold the cyclists information are numerous, and the cyclist is exposing themselves to a lot of danger by joining this service and giving the bike company their information.
A) Two IT features of a smart card are that they contain a built-in processor and are programmable, and smart cards have secure storage for data including private keys. They can be used to open doors.
B) The process to authenticate the cyclist when collecting a bike would be for the cyclist to insert or have the rack scan their smart card. The information from the card would be taken, and then the cyclist would enter their PIN or secret code, and If this matched the information on the card, then the persons account would be charged for the bike and the bike would be released. The information of the bike that was taken would be recorded by the machine. The cyclist would then take the bike and ride away.
C) The benefits of using a relational database instead of a flat-file database would be the database would be able to match the bike number with the rental and then the person who rented the bike. This would save time in seeing who took the bike because instead of looking through the flat file database and trying to find databases, the relationships could be queried and the results would appear. This is much more efficient, and it also allows the Bike and Rental and People to be on different pages, which would cause less confusion. It is much easier to query and find the information than use a flat file database and have to search yourself.
D) There are many privacy and security concerns that could arise through the use of the database to record bike rentals, which relate to the credit card number of the cyclist being in the database, the location of the cyclist being known, and the security of a smart card. A security concern arises from the credit card number of the cyclist being recorded in the database along with his name. If the database is hacked, not only the credit card number will be stolen but also the name of the person would be known. They would know who they were stealing from, and this could cause targeted hacks looking for the credit card number of a certain person. This could result in black mail or the loss of money by the cyclist. The privacy and security of the cyclist is also risked when his information is put in the database, because the location and bike number that he used is known and recorded. Therefore, his approximate location is known. If a person wanted to know the persons location they could hack the database and easily find it out. The government could also use this to track the location of its citizens by seeing where they get their bikes and return them, and this could be used to track them. Also, a security concern that your account could be used by another person arises from the use of a smart card to rent your bike. The smart card could be lost and taken by another person, or your card could be copied or manufactured by another person. They could then rent bikes at your expense, and not return them causing your account to be charged with the late fees. All in all, the security and privacy concerns that stem from the use of a database to hold the cyclists information are numerous, and the cyclist is exposing themselves to a lot of danger by joining this service and giving the bike company their information.
Friday, April 1, 2011
Intellectual Property Theft
6.
A) Intellectual property is the number of distinct types of creations of the mind from which a set of rights are recognized. Owners of this property are granted rights to these intangible assets.
B) Two services an ISP provides to internet users is internet access as well as server space. Through the ISP the user can access the internet, and then browse or do what they please. The ISP also can lease server space for smaller businesses or host other servers.
C) Two ways a home computer network could be adversely affected by uses of file sharing services is by the reduction of speed due to the downloading of files. For instance, if a person on the network is downloading lots of files the connection will be very slow. It uses up the bandwidth of the network. Also, viruses may be gotten from downloads and these would affect the network.
D) There would be many effects to the music industry if P2P sites were regulated. If the government regulated the use of P2P sites for file sharing, people would not be able to illegally download files through sites like lime wire. This would force people to pay for their downloaded music, which would bring more money into the music industry. The money companies like apple, who own the program itunes, would make more money. A downside to the regulating of P2P sites would be that artists would not get as much exposure. If people had to pay to get each of their songs, they might not download them and less people would listen to them. Also, people may turn to sites like youtube to listen to music instead of downloading it. Another consequence of the regulation of file sharing would be the income of artists from concerts. If people did not download a lot of music from the band because it cost money, they might not find songs by that band they like and they would be less likely to go to one of their concerts or tours. An upside of the regulation is that the artists would gain more money from their music, and this would allow to possibly buy new equipment and make better sounding music. They are putting time into making music and they would make money selling their songs. All in all, the regulation of P2P sites for file sharing would be effect the music industry positively because it would generate more income because people would be forced to buy the music if they wanted to download it.
A) Intellectual property is the number of distinct types of creations of the mind from which a set of rights are recognized. Owners of this property are granted rights to these intangible assets.
B) Two services an ISP provides to internet users is internet access as well as server space. Through the ISP the user can access the internet, and then browse or do what they please. The ISP also can lease server space for smaller businesses or host other servers.
C) Two ways a home computer network could be adversely affected by uses of file sharing services is by the reduction of speed due to the downloading of files. For instance, if a person on the network is downloading lots of files the connection will be very slow. It uses up the bandwidth of the network. Also, viruses may be gotten from downloads and these would affect the network.
D) There would be many effects to the music industry if P2P sites were regulated. If the government regulated the use of P2P sites for file sharing, people would not be able to illegally download files through sites like lime wire. This would force people to pay for their downloaded music, which would bring more money into the music industry. The money companies like apple, who own the program itunes, would make more money. A downside to the regulating of P2P sites would be that artists would not get as much exposure. If people had to pay to get each of their songs, they might not download them and less people would listen to them. Also, people may turn to sites like youtube to listen to music instead of downloading it. Another consequence of the regulation of file sharing would be the income of artists from concerts. If people did not download a lot of music from the band because it cost money, they might not find songs by that band they like and they would be less likely to go to one of their concerts or tours. An upside of the regulation is that the artists would gain more money from their music, and this would allow to possibly buy new equipment and make better sounding music. They are putting time into making music and they would make money selling their songs. All in all, the regulation of P2P sites for file sharing would be effect the music industry positively because it would generate more income because people would be forced to buy the music if they wanted to download it.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Traffic Management
(a) Identify two possible ways that the road sensors can detect the passing of
a vehicle. [2 marks]
One possible way that the road sensor can detect the passing of a vehicle is through the use of a video camera. It can take a video of the car passing to see if it is going the speed limit, and if it is not it can get its plate and registration. Another way is through radar guns that record the speed of passing cars. This will tell if a vehicle is passing by, and also its speed.
(b) Describe two ways in which the active traffic management systems could help to
decrease journey times. [4 marks]
One way that active traffic management systems can help to decrease journey times is through the use of the sensors to show the traffic on the roads. This would help reduce journey times because people would use other roads, in which the traffic is less so that they will not lose time being stuck in traffic. Another way that active traffic management systems can help to decrease journey times is through the changing of the speed limit depending on the congestion. Therefore, if there is less congestion the speed limit will be higher and the journey time will decrease.
(c) Explain how the images from the digital speed cameras can be used to send
penalty notices to speeding drivers automatically. [4 marks]
The images from the digital speed cameras can be used to send penalty notices to speeding drives automatically by first obtaining the plate number of the vehicle. This plate number can be queried to find the owner of the car and his or her address, or even the email of the person. From there, a notice can be sent either electronically, or the address can be added to a list of people who need to be mailed a fine.
(d) Discuss how the active traffic management system could be abused by the authorities.
The active traffic management system could be abused by the authorities in many ways. The authorities could send out tickets for people who are going less than the declared limit. The driver has no evidence that they were not going that speed limit so they would not be able to dispute the ticket. Another way that authorities could abuse the traffic system is through using the cameras to see what the people in the cars are doing as well. This would not necessarily be a bad thing, as the cameras would show if the person is talking on the phone or texting while they are driving. Another way the authorities could abuse this system is by lowering the speed limit so low that the drivers are more likely to break the speed limit. This way, they could ticket more people automatically and therefore make more money. This is taking advantage of the driver of the car. Another way is by fluctuating the speed limits so the driver is not able to change the speed of their car in time for the camera. They would be ticketed for speeding whether it was unintentional or not.
a vehicle. [2 marks]
One possible way that the road sensor can detect the passing of a vehicle is through the use of a video camera. It can take a video of the car passing to see if it is going the speed limit, and if it is not it can get its plate and registration. Another way is through radar guns that record the speed of passing cars. This will tell if a vehicle is passing by, and also its speed.
(b) Describe two ways in which the active traffic management systems could help to
decrease journey times. [4 marks]
One way that active traffic management systems can help to decrease journey times is through the use of the sensors to show the traffic on the roads. This would help reduce journey times because people would use other roads, in which the traffic is less so that they will not lose time being stuck in traffic. Another way that active traffic management systems can help to decrease journey times is through the changing of the speed limit depending on the congestion. Therefore, if there is less congestion the speed limit will be higher and the journey time will decrease.
(c) Explain how the images from the digital speed cameras can be used to send
penalty notices to speeding drivers automatically. [4 marks]
The images from the digital speed cameras can be used to send penalty notices to speeding drives automatically by first obtaining the plate number of the vehicle. This plate number can be queried to find the owner of the car and his or her address, or even the email of the person. From there, a notice can be sent either electronically, or the address can be added to a list of people who need to be mailed a fine.
(d) Discuss how the active traffic management system could be abused by the authorities.
The active traffic management system could be abused by the authorities in many ways. The authorities could send out tickets for people who are going less than the declared limit. The driver has no evidence that they were not going that speed limit so they would not be able to dispute the ticket. Another way that authorities could abuse the traffic system is through using the cameras to see what the people in the cars are doing as well. This would not necessarily be a bad thing, as the cameras would show if the person is talking on the phone or texting while they are driving. Another way the authorities could abuse this system is by lowering the speed limit so low that the drivers are more likely to break the speed limit. This way, they could ticket more people automatically and therefore make more money. This is taking advantage of the driver of the car. Another way is by fluctuating the speed limits so the driver is not able to change the speed of their car in time for the camera. They would be ticketed for speeding whether it was unintentional or not.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Multimedia
2
A) Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, and also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content.
B) One method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied by a multimedia training package is file compression. This works by instead of listing the information in the file over and over it lists it once and then refers back to it when it appears in the original program. This saves disk space. Compressing picture files also uses less space because it discards useless information. Another method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied is to link graphics instead of embedding them which takes less space.
C) Some organizations prefer to train their staff using a multimedia training package instead providing face to face time with a human instructor because it is more cost effective. It is much cheaper to train the staff using a multimedia training package than to hire a person to teach the employees. Also, if the employees of the organization are learning computer programs it may be more helpful to them to learn it using a computer or multimedia package. It will instruct them how to use the computer, and will give them much more personal instruction to tell them what they are doing wrong then an instructor who is teaching more than one person. Also, they are able to go at their own pace using the training package rather than having to try and keep up with the class, which may inhibit how well they learn whatever they may be learning.
A) Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, and also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content.
B) One method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied by a multimedia training package is file compression. This works by instead of listing the information in the file over and over it lists it once and then refers back to it when it appears in the original program. This saves disk space. Compressing picture files also uses less space because it discards useless information. Another method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied is to link graphics instead of embedding them which takes less space.
C) Some organizations prefer to train their staff using a multimedia training package instead providing face to face time with a human instructor because it is more cost effective. It is much cheaper to train the staff using a multimedia training package than to hire a person to teach the employees. Also, if the employees of the organization are learning computer programs it may be more helpful to them to learn it using a computer or multimedia package. It will instruct them how to use the computer, and will give them much more personal instruction to tell them what they are doing wrong then an instructor who is teaching more than one person. Also, they are able to go at their own pace using the training package rather than having to try and keep up with the class, which may inhibit how well they learn whatever they may be learning.
Thursday, March 24, 2011
Wii Paper 2
3.
a)Two limitations of using the wii as a simulation are the wii controller, which is very basic and does not represent the actual controls of what is being simulated. It is just a handheld pointing device. Also, the remote only knows where itself is and not where the person is, and so it does not record or use the movements of the person and his or her body, but rather just the movements of the controller.
b) One potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of motion-sensing technology to track the movement of a body. For instance, motion sensors could be attached to a person to track them, or this could be used for animation to record the movements of the person and then translate that into the character. Motion-sensing technology can also be used for security purposes, such as motion-sensing lights on a house. Another potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of a hand held pointing device to be used for presentations. The presenter could have a hand held pointing device, and use it to select options on a screen while he is presenting, and so it would serve as a laser pointer that would be able to select options as well, such as switching slides or selecting a hyper link.
c) Two devices that are not connected to each other can communicate with each other using Infra-Red light energy or radio waves to transmit the information. For instance, A TV controller communicates with the TV using infra-red light energy to carry or send the information from your tv remote to your tv. The red dot on the front of the controller blinks when you push buttons on the controller, and this is the infra-red light energy being transmitted. Another way two devices communicate that are not connected are radio waves. Garage door openers use radio waves to open the garage. The door opener sends out radio waves and the garage door receives receives them and carries out the command to open.
d)Evaluate the roll of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly.
There are many potential advantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. The wii allows the user of the console to get physical exercise playing the game. They are required to move their arms to use the controller, and this would be helpful in keeping the elderly active. It adds an element of fun to the exercise because they are playing a game, like tennis or baseball, while they are also getting exercise moving the controlling mimicking swings. Also, if wiis are used in elderly communities they can compete against each other using the consoles, providing them with a safe way to be competitive. They could potentially have wii tournaments using games such as bowling, which would be fun for the elderly as well as making them engage in a form of physical activity. There are also some potential disadvantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. They may hurt themselves while engaging in the phsyical activity, potentially swinging the controller too hard and losing balance which would cause a fall, or cause joint pain. Also, with arthritis prevalent in the elderly community it may be painful for them to participate in the games using the wii. The wii would provide physical activity, while consoles like the xbox would just force them to use a controller and be stationary. This may improve their hand eye coordination. A downside and danger to using video games for health care is that it might provide the elderly with too much stimulation. For instance, if an elderly male gets too into the game and over-exerts himself it may cause him to have a heart attack. Dangers arise from the competition that comes along with video games. They may hurt each other while trying to play the game, or get in fights with each other. All in all, the potential advantages outweigh the potential disadvantages here because it will provide the elderly with some physical exercise as well as a sense of camaraderie and competition, and liven up their lives.
a)Two limitations of using the wii as a simulation are the wii controller, which is very basic and does not represent the actual controls of what is being simulated. It is just a handheld pointing device. Also, the remote only knows where itself is and not where the person is, and so it does not record or use the movements of the person and his or her body, but rather just the movements of the controller.
b) One potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of motion-sensing technology to track the movement of a body. For instance, motion sensors could be attached to a person to track them, or this could be used for animation to record the movements of the person and then translate that into the character. Motion-sensing technology can also be used for security purposes, such as motion-sensing lights on a house. Another potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of a hand held pointing device to be used for presentations. The presenter could have a hand held pointing device, and use it to select options on a screen while he is presenting, and so it would serve as a laser pointer that would be able to select options as well, such as switching slides or selecting a hyper link.
c) Two devices that are not connected to each other can communicate with each other using Infra-Red light energy or radio waves to transmit the information. For instance, A TV controller communicates with the TV using infra-red light energy to carry or send the information from your tv remote to your tv. The red dot on the front of the controller blinks when you push buttons on the controller, and this is the infra-red light energy being transmitted. Another way two devices communicate that are not connected are radio waves. Garage door openers use radio waves to open the garage. The door opener sends out radio waves and the garage door receives receives them and carries out the command to open.
d)Evaluate the roll of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly.
There are many potential advantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. The wii allows the user of the console to get physical exercise playing the game. They are required to move their arms to use the controller, and this would be helpful in keeping the elderly active. It adds an element of fun to the exercise because they are playing a game, like tennis or baseball, while they are also getting exercise moving the controlling mimicking swings. Also, if wiis are used in elderly communities they can compete against each other using the consoles, providing them with a safe way to be competitive. They could potentially have wii tournaments using games such as bowling, which would be fun for the elderly as well as making them engage in a form of physical activity. There are also some potential disadvantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. They may hurt themselves while engaging in the phsyical activity, potentially swinging the controller too hard and losing balance which would cause a fall, or cause joint pain. Also, with arthritis prevalent in the elderly community it may be painful for them to participate in the games using the wii. The wii would provide physical activity, while consoles like the xbox would just force them to use a controller and be stationary. This may improve their hand eye coordination. A downside and danger to using video games for health care is that it might provide the elderly with too much stimulation. For instance, if an elderly male gets too into the game and over-exerts himself it may cause him to have a heart attack. Dangers arise from the competition that comes along with video games. They may hurt each other while trying to play the game, or get in fights with each other. All in all, the potential advantages outweigh the potential disadvantages here because it will provide the elderly with some physical exercise as well as a sense of camaraderie and competition, and liven up their lives.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
3.10 classwork
3.
A) Resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.
B) One interactive service would be a service like Comcast On Demand. This is a library of movies, tv shows, music videos, and other videos that the user can look through and pick something to watch. Some of these videos are free, while some of them (like movies) are not. Another interactive service that could be provided with a digital tv is a DVR, which allows the user of the television to record shows that are on tv and save them, and then watch them at a later time. They create a library with a certain amount of space made up of these shows, and they are allowed to keep them as long as they want or delete them.
C)Two ways a digital TV can communicate with the digital provider are through the cable box which sends a signal to the digital provider. This could be for the purpose of the user ordering a movie from the interactive service like on demand. Another way the tv communicates with the provider is through the binary digits sent through the air or telephone lines, and this sends information to the tv that is converted into images, which is what the user of the TV watches. This is interactive because they choose the channel which the tv is going to pick up.
D)The growth of video clips on the internet is greatly overtaking the need for digital tv. When a user can go online and watch movies or tv shows on websites like hulu or youtube, it pretty much eliminates the need for a television and cable. The use of youtube or hulu also is free, while cable is not and digital tvs are expensive as well. The only upside to having the tv would be to watch shows in real time, rather than after they occur. For instance, if there is a sports game on, that is time sensitive and the user would want to watch that when it is going on. This element of time is one of the reasons that the growth of video clips online has not completely taken over the need for digital tv. Another reason is that the clips online, or even full movies, come free while on tv they cost money, especially on on demand. The reason tv has stayed alive is due to the need to watch shows when they are happening, and to watch whole shows rather than small clips on youtube. Also, with the emergence of the dvr service the user can tape shows easily and save them on their cable box, and this is very convenient.
4.
A)A key field is a field or set of fields of a database which together form a unique identifier for the database. It is like a category, with it being at the top of the column and then everything under the category in the cells below.
B)The process to find a alphabetical list of all citizens who have had diabetes, do not smoke, and were born after 1990 would be to create a query using the query wizard, and select the key fields that contain names, diabetes, smoke, and birth date. Then under the criteria for the query you would enter yes for diabetes and no for smoker, and then <1.1.1990 for the birth date.
C)The difference between data matching and data mining is that data matching is comparing records in two different databases to find matches, while data mining is the process of finding patterns from large amounts of data. Therefore, with data matching the user is looking to find matches in the data from two different databases, while with data mining the user is instead looking for patterns within the data and not matches.
D)The advantages to medical research minimally outweigh the concerns of some of the citizens about the storage of their data. The reason for the storage of the data, to predict future health problems, is a good one but this does not call for the storage of the data. They want to find patterns of health issues that correspond to the genetic background of the individuals, which is also a good idea but it should be the citizens choice to do this rather than the scientists or government. The citizen has a right to privacy, and this does not include having their blood in a database if they do not want it to be. With this situation, they are encroaching upon the citizens rights by keeping the blood, and although with the use of ID numbers to conceal identities, if a person hacks and gets the ID numbers they could still data match with another database to find the names that match with the ID numbers and find out who has health issues and will. This could be used for very bad purposes. For instance, if the hacker knows that a man will have a heart attack he can find the man and force him to have one and it would automatically look like an accident rather than a murder. Also, this would reveal every Icelandic citizen's diseases that could be used against them.
A) Resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.
B) One interactive service would be a service like Comcast On Demand. This is a library of movies, tv shows, music videos, and other videos that the user can look through and pick something to watch. Some of these videos are free, while some of them (like movies) are not. Another interactive service that could be provided with a digital tv is a DVR, which allows the user of the television to record shows that are on tv and save them, and then watch them at a later time. They create a library with a certain amount of space made up of these shows, and they are allowed to keep them as long as they want or delete them.
C)Two ways a digital TV can communicate with the digital provider are through the cable box which sends a signal to the digital provider. This could be for the purpose of the user ordering a movie from the interactive service like on demand. Another way the tv communicates with the provider is through the binary digits sent through the air or telephone lines, and this sends information to the tv that is converted into images, which is what the user of the TV watches. This is interactive because they choose the channel which the tv is going to pick up.
D)The growth of video clips on the internet is greatly overtaking the need for digital tv. When a user can go online and watch movies or tv shows on websites like hulu or youtube, it pretty much eliminates the need for a television and cable. The use of youtube or hulu also is free, while cable is not and digital tvs are expensive as well. The only upside to having the tv would be to watch shows in real time, rather than after they occur. For instance, if there is a sports game on, that is time sensitive and the user would want to watch that when it is going on. This element of time is one of the reasons that the growth of video clips online has not completely taken over the need for digital tv. Another reason is that the clips online, or even full movies, come free while on tv they cost money, especially on on demand. The reason tv has stayed alive is due to the need to watch shows when they are happening, and to watch whole shows rather than small clips on youtube. Also, with the emergence of the dvr service the user can tape shows easily and save them on their cable box, and this is very convenient.
4.
A)A key field is a field or set of fields of a database which together form a unique identifier for the database. It is like a category, with it being at the top of the column and then everything under the category in the cells below.
B)The process to find a alphabetical list of all citizens who have had diabetes, do not smoke, and were born after 1990 would be to create a query using the query wizard, and select the key fields that contain names, diabetes, smoke, and birth date. Then under the criteria for the query you would enter yes for diabetes and no for smoker, and then <1.1.1990 for the birth date.
C)The difference between data matching and data mining is that data matching is comparing records in two different databases to find matches, while data mining is the process of finding patterns from large amounts of data. Therefore, with data matching the user is looking to find matches in the data from two different databases, while with data mining the user is instead looking for patterns within the data and not matches.
D)The advantages to medical research minimally outweigh the concerns of some of the citizens about the storage of their data. The reason for the storage of the data, to predict future health problems, is a good one but this does not call for the storage of the data. They want to find patterns of health issues that correspond to the genetic background of the individuals, which is also a good idea but it should be the citizens choice to do this rather than the scientists or government. The citizen has a right to privacy, and this does not include having their blood in a database if they do not want it to be. With this situation, they are encroaching upon the citizens rights by keeping the blood, and although with the use of ID numbers to conceal identities, if a person hacks and gets the ID numbers they could still data match with another database to find the names that match with the ID numbers and find out who has health issues and will. This could be used for very bad purposes. For instance, if the hacker knows that a man will have a heart attack he can find the man and force him to have one and it would automatically look like an accident rather than a murder. Also, this would reveal every Icelandic citizen's diseases that could be used against them.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Simulation Practice
1.
A)Light
B)Heat
2.
Two things you need to know in the development of the software is the effect of the inputs on the outputs of the greenhouse. For instance, if the amount of light is changed the outcome of this, like the change in relative humidity, must be known. Also, the properties of the materials used in the greenhouse must be known. For instance, if the amount of light penetration changes between types of glass this should be known, so the adjustments on the amount of light that will be let in will be known.
3.
One advantage to using simulations to design products such as greenhouses is that it allows the user to save money. This is because the user only has to use to the software, rather than test out the product such as the greenhouse and spend money on all the materials and testing time. It also saves the designer time by allowing them to change inputs and materials in the greenhouse very quickly. If they do not have to go to the store and buy the new materials, but just have to select a different material on the drop down list, this will save them time and allow them to use that time in making the greenhouse more efficient.
4.
Simulations of things like this are useful in teaching science because it allows the student to see how the input effects the output. The student will be able to use the software to change the inputs and see their effects, and this will allow them to learn more about the changes and effects of different materials on the outcome of the product. The student also is able to see these changes very quickly, and it reduces the time the student needs to reach conclusions about the input and output. They can use the program rather than create an actual experiment and this will save them time. Also, this program would allow them to design an experiment before they actually try and make it. This would make sure that the amount of error was minimal, because they could use the program to see if the experiment would work. It would also give them data to compare with, to see if the data from their experiment matched the data from the program. This would allow them to see the benefits and downsides of using a computer program to simulate a greenhouse.
A)Light
B)Heat
2.
Two things you need to know in the development of the software is the effect of the inputs on the outputs of the greenhouse. For instance, if the amount of light is changed the outcome of this, like the change in relative humidity, must be known. Also, the properties of the materials used in the greenhouse must be known. For instance, if the amount of light penetration changes between types of glass this should be known, so the adjustments on the amount of light that will be let in will be known.
3.
One advantage to using simulations to design products such as greenhouses is that it allows the user to save money. This is because the user only has to use to the software, rather than test out the product such as the greenhouse and spend money on all the materials and testing time. It also saves the designer time by allowing them to change inputs and materials in the greenhouse very quickly. If they do not have to go to the store and buy the new materials, but just have to select a different material on the drop down list, this will save them time and allow them to use that time in making the greenhouse more efficient.
4.
Simulations of things like this are useful in teaching science because it allows the student to see how the input effects the output. The student will be able to use the software to change the inputs and see their effects, and this will allow them to learn more about the changes and effects of different materials on the outcome of the product. The student also is able to see these changes very quickly, and it reduces the time the student needs to reach conclusions about the input and output. They can use the program rather than create an actual experiment and this will save them time. Also, this program would allow them to design an experiment before they actually try and make it. This would make sure that the amount of error was minimal, because they could use the program to see if the experiment would work. It would also give them data to compare with, to see if the data from their experiment matched the data from the program. This would allow them to see the benefits and downsides of using a computer program to simulate a greenhouse.
Tuesday, March 8, 2011
Simulation and Questions
Model: a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
Simulation: the act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous
Simulations actually imitate the behavior of a situation, while a model hypothetically describes the situation and outcome
http://www.mimic.ws/products/training-modules.php
http://www.engadget.com/2010/02/26/robotic-surgical-simulator-lets-doctors-sharpen-their-skills-by/
1. How well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory? How well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data?
The modelers of the simulation understand the human body very well. It has been studied in great depth, and although there are different phenomena, through actual surgeries and many robotic surgeries now being done, the method with which the surgery has to be done is now known. The properties of the human body are fairly well understood, and it is definitely known enough for the person to do the surgery. The simulation has objects representing parts of the body. The data therefore is fairly complete, however it is simplified with the body parts not being exactly as they would look when a robotic surgery is performed. However, the data about what needs to be done during the robotic surgery is known.
2. What are the assumptions and simplifications in the model?
The simplifications in the model are vast, and they range from the details of the images to the consistency of the body. They do not use an actual image of a heart per say, but use an image that represents the heart. It also assumes that there are no complications in the surgery, while in actual surgery there may be some. It also assumes what the persons body is like, while the human body and anatomy may vary slightly from person to person. The model assumes that the user knows what is what inside the body, and it assumes what the body of the person may be like. The program however is used to get doctors used to using a robot for the surgery, and how to use the controls. The specifics are not as important in the simulation, however the doctor does learn how to use the robotic hands to do the surgery.
3. How closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with results from physical experiments or real experience?
The results and predictions of the model correspond with the physical experiments and real experience very closely. They use the same basic anatomy of the human body, and the user will use the machine to do the simulation surgery. The difference is that every body is not the same, and so there will be differences that may be small or large, that when the user is actually doing a robotic surgery will have to take into account. However, this is a useful tool to help the user get used to the controls and doing a robotic surgery, and it would definitely help them improve.
Simulation: the act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous
Simulations actually imitate the behavior of a situation, while a model hypothetically describes the situation and outcome
http://www.mimic.ws/products/training-modules.php
http://www.engadget.com/2010/02/26/robotic-surgical-simulator-lets-doctors-sharpen-their-skills-by/
1. How well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory? How well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data?
The modelers of the simulation understand the human body very well. It has been studied in great depth, and although there are different phenomena, through actual surgeries and many robotic surgeries now being done, the method with which the surgery has to be done is now known. The properties of the human body are fairly well understood, and it is definitely known enough for the person to do the surgery. The simulation has objects representing parts of the body. The data therefore is fairly complete, however it is simplified with the body parts not being exactly as they would look when a robotic surgery is performed. However, the data about what needs to be done during the robotic surgery is known.
2. What are the assumptions and simplifications in the model?
The simplifications in the model are vast, and they range from the details of the images to the consistency of the body. They do not use an actual image of a heart per say, but use an image that represents the heart. It also assumes that there are no complications in the surgery, while in actual surgery there may be some. It also assumes what the persons body is like, while the human body and anatomy may vary slightly from person to person. The model assumes that the user knows what is what inside the body, and it assumes what the body of the person may be like. The program however is used to get doctors used to using a robot for the surgery, and how to use the controls. The specifics are not as important in the simulation, however the doctor does learn how to use the robotic hands to do the surgery.
3. How closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with results from physical experiments or real experience?
The results and predictions of the model correspond with the physical experiments and real experience very closely. They use the same basic anatomy of the human body, and the user will use the machine to do the simulation surgery. The difference is that every body is not the same, and so there will be differences that may be small or large, that when the user is actually doing a robotic surgery will have to take into account. However, this is a useful tool to help the user get used to the controls and doing a robotic surgery, and it would definitely help them improve.
Friday, March 4, 2011
4.5, 4.6, 4.25, 4.26, 4.28
4.5
The questions that are used to evaluate the models are how well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory of the system being studied? how well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data? What are the assumptions and simplifications of reality of this model? and how closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with the results from physical experiments or real experience?
4.6
Both the crash analysis models and the climate models use a grid which is a simplification, and because of grid limitations small storms, clouds, and other small phenomena that fall between the grid points are not accurately represented. Car Crash models also do not represent the continuous aspect of time, and instead depict it in steps.
4.25
An argument in this man's defense is that his judgement, having been in the field with 25 years of experience, would be better than the computers judgement. He knows what is safe with burns, and if he believes that the computer model was not good and his was better than he should stick to his gut. It is also shown that he knows what a safe burn would be because there were no complications with the fire. An argument from the boss's side is that the employee should have consulted him first, and that the computer should be trusted because it does not include the factor of human error and so would not make a mistake. The man could have made a simple mistake when calculating the burn area and this could have ended up in a massive fire.
4.26
A) If the company has only tested it with a computer and has not physically tested the product i would award the plaintiff more money because there could have been a glitch in the program and physical tests will accurately show what will happen. The computer may not pick up other effects the physical test would. Therefore my decision would be affected by the company's testing policy, because to ensure safety both testing methods should have been used.
B) If the injury rate is the same for all three of the companies i would then not make my decision based on the testing methods at all. This shows that the type of testing does not affect the injury rate, and so this would not come into play in my decision as all of the companies are the same. However, if the injury rate is just high, and it could be shown that the injury rate could have been reduced but wasn't, that would affect the amount of the money I would award the plaintiff. It would show negligence on the company's side to not make sure safety was a top concern and fix problems.
4.28
1) I believe that this model would be accurate because it is very mathematical, and it would be a simple formula to see how much income tax would effect the revenue.
2) This would be only fairly reliable, depending on how consistent the moon moves around the earth. If it moves the same orbit around the earth every year than to measure it 30 years from now would still work, assuming that the orbit does not change. If it is shown that the moon orbit hasn't changed in more than 30 years then it could be assumed that the results would be accurate.
3) This would not be very reliable because the amount needed is influenced by people greatly, and there may be technological developments that change the need for optical fiber. Therefore the use of it and the need for it is hard to be predicted.
4) This also would not be very accurate because this could change a year from now based on the consumption of fossil fuels, and the amount could fluctuate very easily. It is not known how much fossil fuels we will continue to burn, and even if 10 years from now we will still be using nonrenewable resources, so predicting the effect 50 years from now would most likely not be accurate or reliable.
5) This would be fairly accurate because there are less variables than the other predictions. If the wind conditions are known, it should be easy to see how, with the effect of the wind and the water, the boat would be able to go. It is assumed that the speed would change based on the water conditions, but it should be fairly accurate for whatever condition they are testing for.
The questions that are used to evaluate the models are how well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory of the system being studied? how well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data? What are the assumptions and simplifications of reality of this model? and how closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with the results from physical experiments or real experience?
4.6
Both the crash analysis models and the climate models use a grid which is a simplification, and because of grid limitations small storms, clouds, and other small phenomena that fall between the grid points are not accurately represented. Car Crash models also do not represent the continuous aspect of time, and instead depict it in steps.
4.25
An argument in this man's defense is that his judgement, having been in the field with 25 years of experience, would be better than the computers judgement. He knows what is safe with burns, and if he believes that the computer model was not good and his was better than he should stick to his gut. It is also shown that he knows what a safe burn would be because there were no complications with the fire. An argument from the boss's side is that the employee should have consulted him first, and that the computer should be trusted because it does not include the factor of human error and so would not make a mistake. The man could have made a simple mistake when calculating the burn area and this could have ended up in a massive fire.
4.26
A) If the company has only tested it with a computer and has not physically tested the product i would award the plaintiff more money because there could have been a glitch in the program and physical tests will accurately show what will happen. The computer may not pick up other effects the physical test would. Therefore my decision would be affected by the company's testing policy, because to ensure safety both testing methods should have been used.
B) If the injury rate is the same for all three of the companies i would then not make my decision based on the testing methods at all. This shows that the type of testing does not affect the injury rate, and so this would not come into play in my decision as all of the companies are the same. However, if the injury rate is just high, and it could be shown that the injury rate could have been reduced but wasn't, that would affect the amount of the money I would award the plaintiff. It would show negligence on the company's side to not make sure safety was a top concern and fix problems.
4.28
1) I believe that this model would be accurate because it is very mathematical, and it would be a simple formula to see how much income tax would effect the revenue.
2) This would be only fairly reliable, depending on how consistent the moon moves around the earth. If it moves the same orbit around the earth every year than to measure it 30 years from now would still work, assuming that the orbit does not change. If it is shown that the moon orbit hasn't changed in more than 30 years then it could be assumed that the results would be accurate.
3) This would not be very reliable because the amount needed is influenced by people greatly, and there may be technological developments that change the need for optical fiber. Therefore the use of it and the need for it is hard to be predicted.
4) This also would not be very accurate because this could change a year from now based on the consumption of fossil fuels, and the amount could fluctuate very easily. It is not known how much fossil fuels we will continue to burn, and even if 10 years from now we will still be using nonrenewable resources, so predicting the effect 50 years from now would most likely not be accurate or reliable.
5) This would be fairly accurate because there are less variables than the other predictions. If the wind conditions are known, it should be easy to see how, with the effect of the wind and the water, the boat would be able to go. It is assumed that the speed would change based on the water conditions, but it should be fairly accurate for whatever condition they are testing for.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
Surveillance
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-17-cameras-cities_x.htm
1.Summary:
The article discusses the addition of more video surveillance cameras worldwide, and how they are helping the police catch criminals as well as find terrorists. It also lists some cases in which video cameras were used to solve crimes.
2.How did the IT development emerge?
The IT development emerged because people were scared of terrorism, and the cameras are very helpful to the police when they are trying to solve a crime. It gives them solid evidence to use. The fear of terrorism will encourage more surveillance. The London cameras were set up initially to combat the Irish Republican Army. Likewise, the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks led New York City and Washington to increase video surveillance.
3.Who are the stakeholders—individuals, institutions, societies who initiate and control the IT developments and are affected by them?
The people that control the IT developments are the government, and in the US this is mainly the Department of Homeland Security. They have increased the number of cameras to combat terrorism. The people that are affected by them are the individuals that are being watched by them. They criminals are the ones that lose the most from the installation of more cameras because it creates a higher probability that they will be found if they commit a crime, and cold hard evidence to pin them to the wall in court.
4.What are the advantages and disadvantages for the stakeholders?
The advantages for the government and the police are that they are able to catch criminals and have evidence against them, and the advantages for the public is it protects them in a roundabout way because violence is less likely to happen under surveillance. The disadvantages for the public are that it does invade their privacy and they are constantly being watched, and this may not rest easy with some people. The disadvantages for the criminals are that they are being watched and if they commit a crime it is easy to find out that they did it.
5.What feasible solutions can be applied to overcome problems?
The other solutions that could combat terrorism and crime that are not surveillance is the addition of different types of security, such as policemen or radar points in cities, as well as more metal detectors. In high risk places people can be frisked or put through a metal detector to make sure that they will not be too harmful to the other people in that place. The increase in policemen will make the public safer because they will be able to be at the scene of the crime quicker, or ideally be there to help out when it is needed.
6.What is the social impact of the IT development on human life? This may include some or all of the following areas: economic, political, cultural, legal, environmental, ergonomic, health and psychological.
The economic impact on human life is that it costs a good amount of money to install these cameras, and this is money that could be used for different purposes to help the people such as feeding the homeless and supporting people who cannot support themselves. The legal impact of this is that it does invade peoples privacy because if they are constantly being watched they do not have any privacy. This also brings up psychological issues because it could make certain people paranoid if they are always being watched, or at least uncomfortable.
1.Summary:
The article discusses the addition of more video surveillance cameras worldwide, and how they are helping the police catch criminals as well as find terrorists. It also lists some cases in which video cameras were used to solve crimes.
2.How did the IT development emerge?
The IT development emerged because people were scared of terrorism, and the cameras are very helpful to the police when they are trying to solve a crime. It gives them solid evidence to use. The fear of terrorism will encourage more surveillance. The London cameras were set up initially to combat the Irish Republican Army. Likewise, the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks led New York City and Washington to increase video surveillance.
3.Who are the stakeholders—individuals, institutions, societies who initiate and control the IT developments and are affected by them?
The people that control the IT developments are the government, and in the US this is mainly the Department of Homeland Security. They have increased the number of cameras to combat terrorism. The people that are affected by them are the individuals that are being watched by them. They criminals are the ones that lose the most from the installation of more cameras because it creates a higher probability that they will be found if they commit a crime, and cold hard evidence to pin them to the wall in court.
4.What are the advantages and disadvantages for the stakeholders?
The advantages for the government and the police are that they are able to catch criminals and have evidence against them, and the advantages for the public is it protects them in a roundabout way because violence is less likely to happen under surveillance. The disadvantages for the public are that it does invade their privacy and they are constantly being watched, and this may not rest easy with some people. The disadvantages for the criminals are that they are being watched and if they commit a crime it is easy to find out that they did it.
5.What feasible solutions can be applied to overcome problems?
The other solutions that could combat terrorism and crime that are not surveillance is the addition of different types of security, such as policemen or radar points in cities, as well as more metal detectors. In high risk places people can be frisked or put through a metal detector to make sure that they will not be too harmful to the other people in that place. The increase in policemen will make the public safer because they will be able to be at the scene of the crime quicker, or ideally be there to help out when it is needed.
6.What is the social impact of the IT development on human life? This may include some or all of the following areas: economic, political, cultural, legal, environmental, ergonomic, health and psychological.
The economic impact on human life is that it costs a good amount of money to install these cameras, and this is money that could be used for different purposes to help the people such as feeding the homeless and supporting people who cannot support themselves. The legal impact of this is that it does invade peoples privacy because if they are constantly being watched they do not have any privacy. This also brings up psychological issues because it could make certain people paranoid if they are always being watched, or at least uncomfortable.
Monday, February 7, 2011
Photoshop
I believe that it is okay to use photoshop for personal innocent purposes, such as the cloud advertisement which plays on television where the mother photoshops the picture of the family so that they all will look good. This is for a very innocent purpose, and although it is a misrepresentation of what actually happened the purpose is to make a nice picture that the family can enjoy. It is positively not okay to photoshop a picture for a negative purpose, such as to make a person look bad. For instance, in the case of OJ being made blacker by the papers to show him in a negative light, this in my opinion is not okay. It is a lie to the public in order to get them to think differently about him. Also, pictures that are photoshopped to make people look worse, by adding weight or curves to them, is not right to do. Assumedly this is to make the person look bad, and this is a very negative thing.
Wednesday, February 2, 2011
2.2.2011 Class Work
2.
A) What is Bandwidth?
Bandwidth in computer networks is a rate of data transfer which is the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period, usually measured in bits per second. Bandwidth in electronic communication is the width of the range of the frequencies that an electronic signal uses.
B) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of sending the images as bitmapped files instead of vector graphic files.
One advantage of sending the images as bitmapped files is that they can reproduce continuous tone images which vector graphic files cannot. The file is made up of tiny squares of color and the arrangement of these produces the effect of an image. One disadvantage of sending the images as bitmapped files is that bitmaps are ruined when the image is enlarged and the individual color squares become visible. Therefore this would mean that if the person receiving the photo wanted to resize it, they would have trouble, and they could not enlarge it without destroying the quality.
C) With reference to one benefit and one problem, explain why there may be advantages and disadvantages for the author when working from home instead of the publishers office.
One benefit to working at home is the convenience, because the author does not have to leave his home and go to a publishers office to write. Advantages to this would be that the author is able to work in an environment that he is comfortable in. Also, he is allowed to do his work in peace, where there could be distractions in the publishers office that could hurt his productivity or thought process. Disadvantages to the convenience is that the author receives no input on his work, and he does not have anyone to ask questions to. One problem with doing this is that the author loses the input of other writers that would be in the same building as the author, and also the input of editors that could help refine his or her work. Advantages to this are that the author is able to get help with his work if he is having trouble, and he is in a productive working environment. Disadvantages to this are that the author would have to travel back and forth from his home in order to do his work, and this would take time away from his work because if he had done the work at home he would not have lost time traveling.
4.
A)Define the term MP3
MP3, which is short for MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3, is the standard technology and format for compressing audio into a very small file. This is done while preserving the original level of sound quality when it is played.
B) Describe two tasks a user can perform with a digital jukebox software.
One task a user can perform with a digital jukebox software is playing a song. The song would be selected by the user, and the digital jukebox software would then play the song or audio using the speakers of the computer. Another task a user can perform with a digital jukebox software is placing MP3s on a digital audio player, such as an Ipod. The files would be copied onto the digital audio player so the user could listen to them without the computer, or the digital audio player could be synced with the digital jukebox software so the files in the library are automatically also placed on the Ipod when it is connected.
C) Explain the implication of bit rate when downloading music.
The implication of bit rate when downloading music is that the higher the bit rate when you are downloading, the more bits that are processed per unit of time. This means that if you are downloading a song at a low bit rate, it is going to take a longer amount of time because the bits are being processed very slowly. On the other hand, if you have a high bit rate when downloading the process will go much quicker. Therefore, a higher bit rate when downloading is desirable.
D) Evaluate the impact digital audio players have had on the music industry.
Digital audio players have had a large effect on the music industry. Music is now able to be compressed to a very small file size, and stored on a portable audio device such as an Ipod. With this happening, the demand for audio devices such as a CD has plummeted, especially because a CD can only hold a small amount of songs and an Ipod can hold a larger amount. Because of this, digital jukebox softwares which can put music onto Ipods, such as itunes, have become much more popular. This has increased the use of the internet for downloading music, because the file can easily be shared. This has hurt the music industry, because when people are able to download music online for free instead of having to pay for each song on itunes, most will download the music for free. This hurts the profits that the artists make off of MP3 sales, and changes their plan on how to make money. Now, advertising and shows and tours will be used more because they are able to make money that way now that CD purchases have declined and illegal downloading has skyrocketed.
A) What is Bandwidth?
Bandwidth in computer networks is a rate of data transfer which is the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period, usually measured in bits per second. Bandwidth in electronic communication is the width of the range of the frequencies that an electronic signal uses.
B) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of sending the images as bitmapped files instead of vector graphic files.
One advantage of sending the images as bitmapped files is that they can reproduce continuous tone images which vector graphic files cannot. The file is made up of tiny squares of color and the arrangement of these produces the effect of an image. One disadvantage of sending the images as bitmapped files is that bitmaps are ruined when the image is enlarged and the individual color squares become visible. Therefore this would mean that if the person receiving the photo wanted to resize it, they would have trouble, and they could not enlarge it without destroying the quality.
C) With reference to one benefit and one problem, explain why there may be advantages and disadvantages for the author when working from home instead of the publishers office.
One benefit to working at home is the convenience, because the author does not have to leave his home and go to a publishers office to write. Advantages to this would be that the author is able to work in an environment that he is comfortable in. Also, he is allowed to do his work in peace, where there could be distractions in the publishers office that could hurt his productivity or thought process. Disadvantages to the convenience is that the author receives no input on his work, and he does not have anyone to ask questions to. One problem with doing this is that the author loses the input of other writers that would be in the same building as the author, and also the input of editors that could help refine his or her work. Advantages to this are that the author is able to get help with his work if he is having trouble, and he is in a productive working environment. Disadvantages to this are that the author would have to travel back and forth from his home in order to do his work, and this would take time away from his work because if he had done the work at home he would not have lost time traveling.
4.
A)Define the term MP3
MP3, which is short for MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3, is the standard technology and format for compressing audio into a very small file. This is done while preserving the original level of sound quality when it is played.
B) Describe two tasks a user can perform with a digital jukebox software.
One task a user can perform with a digital jukebox software is playing a song. The song would be selected by the user, and the digital jukebox software would then play the song or audio using the speakers of the computer. Another task a user can perform with a digital jukebox software is placing MP3s on a digital audio player, such as an Ipod. The files would be copied onto the digital audio player so the user could listen to them without the computer, or the digital audio player could be synced with the digital jukebox software so the files in the library are automatically also placed on the Ipod when it is connected.
C) Explain the implication of bit rate when downloading music.
The implication of bit rate when downloading music is that the higher the bit rate when you are downloading, the more bits that are processed per unit of time. This means that if you are downloading a song at a low bit rate, it is going to take a longer amount of time because the bits are being processed very slowly. On the other hand, if you have a high bit rate when downloading the process will go much quicker. Therefore, a higher bit rate when downloading is desirable.
D) Evaluate the impact digital audio players have had on the music industry.
Digital audio players have had a large effect on the music industry. Music is now able to be compressed to a very small file size, and stored on a portable audio device such as an Ipod. With this happening, the demand for audio devices such as a CD has plummeted, especially because a CD can only hold a small amount of songs and an Ipod can hold a larger amount. Because of this, digital jukebox softwares which can put music onto Ipods, such as itunes, have become much more popular. This has increased the use of the internet for downloading music, because the file can easily be shared. This has hurt the music industry, because when people are able to download music online for free instead of having to pay for each song on itunes, most will download the music for free. This hurts the profits that the artists make off of MP3 sales, and changes their plan on how to make money. Now, advertising and shows and tours will be used more because they are able to make money that way now that CD purchases have declined and illegal downloading has skyrocketed.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
1.6.2011 Class Work
a) A pixel is the smallest component of an image or picture on a screen, and the greater the number of pixels the greater the resolution. A megabyte is a multiple of a byte which is used for information storage or transmission of information, and it is 1,048,576 bytes.
b) Two ways tourists on holiday can share digital photos with their families at home are that they can upload them to their computers, and then email these files to their families. That way the emails contain the images that they have taken, and their families can then see the photos. Another way they can do this is by uploading them to a social networking site such as Facebook. Once they are on this site, their family, if they are friends on the site, can view these pictures.
c) Two benefits of saving digital photos in jpg format are that it gives the pictures great quality and also it is the most compatible format for an image. A jpg image can be in a great quality, which is a benefit because it means the picture will look better. The format is also the most widely accepted format for saving a digital photo, and so it will be compatible with anything, whereas if it was saved in a less popular format that may cause problems.
d) Concerns that may develop from the easy storage and distribution of digital photos are that this means images can be more widely accessible, which can create risks. If a picture is taken that is offensive to a certain group of people, it is very easy now that it is a digital photo, to distribute this group and make it accessible to a wider audience. For example, it could be easily posted on a site like Facebook, and then this group would be offended. The easy distribution provides people with an incentive to distribute pictures, now that it does not take much effort. If they want to distribute a picture, they can in a very small amount of time. Therefore if they have a bad photo of somebody that may embarrass them, they could without much effort distribute it to many people by using email or Facebook. A concern that develops from the easy storage of digital photos is that they can be moved very easily. They can be put on a computer very easily, and so this raises a problem if somebody wants an image to be destroyed. Because of the easy storage, it is hard to know where the image is being stored, whereas before there were fewer places that it could be stored.
b) Two ways tourists on holiday can share digital photos with their families at home are that they can upload them to their computers, and then email these files to their families. That way the emails contain the images that they have taken, and their families can then see the photos. Another way they can do this is by uploading them to a social networking site such as Facebook. Once they are on this site, their family, if they are friends on the site, can view these pictures.
c) Two benefits of saving digital photos in jpg format are that it gives the pictures great quality and also it is the most compatible format for an image. A jpg image can be in a great quality, which is a benefit because it means the picture will look better. The format is also the most widely accepted format for saving a digital photo, and so it will be compatible with anything, whereas if it was saved in a less popular format that may cause problems.
d) Concerns that may develop from the easy storage and distribution of digital photos are that this means images can be more widely accessible, which can create risks. If a picture is taken that is offensive to a certain group of people, it is very easy now that it is a digital photo, to distribute this group and make it accessible to a wider audience. For example, it could be easily posted on a site like Facebook, and then this group would be offended. The easy distribution provides people with an incentive to distribute pictures, now that it does not take much effort. If they want to distribute a picture, they can in a very small amount of time. Therefore if they have a bad photo of somebody that may embarrass them, they could without much effort distribute it to many people by using email or Facebook. A concern that develops from the easy storage of digital photos is that they can be moved very easily. They can be put on a computer very easily, and so this raises a problem if somebody wants an image to be destroyed. Because of the easy storage, it is hard to know where the image is being stored, whereas before there were fewer places that it could be stored.
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