(a) Identify two possible ways that the road sensors can detect the passing of
a vehicle. [2 marks]
One possible way that the road sensor can detect the passing of a vehicle is through the use of a video camera. It can take a video of the car passing to see if it is going the speed limit, and if it is not it can get its plate and registration. Another way is through radar guns that record the speed of passing cars. This will tell if a vehicle is passing by, and also its speed.
(b) Describe two ways in which the active traffic management systems could help to
decrease journey times. [4 marks]
One way that active traffic management systems can help to decrease journey times is through the use of the sensors to show the traffic on the roads. This would help reduce journey times because people would use other roads, in which the traffic is less so that they will not lose time being stuck in traffic. Another way that active traffic management systems can help to decrease journey times is through the changing of the speed limit depending on the congestion. Therefore, if there is less congestion the speed limit will be higher and the journey time will decrease.
(c) Explain how the images from the digital speed cameras can be used to send
penalty notices to speeding drivers automatically. [4 marks]
The images from the digital speed cameras can be used to send penalty notices to speeding drives automatically by first obtaining the plate number of the vehicle. This plate number can be queried to find the owner of the car and his or her address, or even the email of the person. From there, a notice can be sent either electronically, or the address can be added to a list of people who need to be mailed a fine.
(d) Discuss how the active traffic management system could be abused by the authorities.
The active traffic management system could be abused by the authorities in many ways. The authorities could send out tickets for people who are going less than the declared limit. The driver has no evidence that they were not going that speed limit so they would not be able to dispute the ticket. Another way that authorities could abuse the traffic system is through using the cameras to see what the people in the cars are doing as well. This would not necessarily be a bad thing, as the cameras would show if the person is talking on the phone or texting while they are driving. Another way the authorities could abuse this system is by lowering the speed limit so low that the drivers are more likely to break the speed limit. This way, they could ticket more people automatically and therefore make more money. This is taking advantage of the driver of the car. Another way is by fluctuating the speed limits so the driver is not able to change the speed of their car in time for the camera. They would be ticketed for speeding whether it was unintentional or not.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Monday, March 28, 2011
Multimedia
2
A) Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, and also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content.
B) One method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied by a multimedia training package is file compression. This works by instead of listing the information in the file over and over it lists it once and then refers back to it when it appears in the original program. This saves disk space. Compressing picture files also uses less space because it discards useless information. Another method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied is to link graphics instead of embedding them which takes less space.
C) Some organizations prefer to train their staff using a multimedia training package instead providing face to face time with a human instructor because it is more cost effective. It is much cheaper to train the staff using a multimedia training package than to hire a person to teach the employees. Also, if the employees of the organization are learning computer programs it may be more helpful to them to learn it using a computer or multimedia package. It will instruct them how to use the computer, and will give them much more personal instruction to tell them what they are doing wrong then an instructor who is teaching more than one person. Also, they are able to go at their own pace using the training package rather than having to try and keep up with the class, which may inhibit how well they learn whatever they may be learning.
A) Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, and also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content.
B) One method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied by a multimedia training package is file compression. This works by instead of listing the information in the file over and over it lists it once and then refers back to it when it appears in the original program. This saves disk space. Compressing picture files also uses less space because it discards useless information. Another method that can be used to reduce the amount of disk space occupied is to link graphics instead of embedding them which takes less space.
C) Some organizations prefer to train their staff using a multimedia training package instead providing face to face time with a human instructor because it is more cost effective. It is much cheaper to train the staff using a multimedia training package than to hire a person to teach the employees. Also, if the employees of the organization are learning computer programs it may be more helpful to them to learn it using a computer or multimedia package. It will instruct them how to use the computer, and will give them much more personal instruction to tell them what they are doing wrong then an instructor who is teaching more than one person. Also, they are able to go at their own pace using the training package rather than having to try and keep up with the class, which may inhibit how well they learn whatever they may be learning.
Thursday, March 24, 2011
Wii Paper 2
3.
a)Two limitations of using the wii as a simulation are the wii controller, which is very basic and does not represent the actual controls of what is being simulated. It is just a handheld pointing device. Also, the remote only knows where itself is and not where the person is, and so it does not record or use the movements of the person and his or her body, but rather just the movements of the controller.
b) One potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of motion-sensing technology to track the movement of a body. For instance, motion sensors could be attached to a person to track them, or this could be used for animation to record the movements of the person and then translate that into the character. Motion-sensing technology can also be used for security purposes, such as motion-sensing lights on a house. Another potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of a hand held pointing device to be used for presentations. The presenter could have a hand held pointing device, and use it to select options on a screen while he is presenting, and so it would serve as a laser pointer that would be able to select options as well, such as switching slides or selecting a hyper link.
c) Two devices that are not connected to each other can communicate with each other using Infra-Red light energy or radio waves to transmit the information. For instance, A TV controller communicates with the TV using infra-red light energy to carry or send the information from your tv remote to your tv. The red dot on the front of the controller blinks when you push buttons on the controller, and this is the infra-red light energy being transmitted. Another way two devices communicate that are not connected are radio waves. Garage door openers use radio waves to open the garage. The door opener sends out radio waves and the garage door receives receives them and carries out the command to open.
d)Evaluate the roll of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly.
There are many potential advantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. The wii allows the user of the console to get physical exercise playing the game. They are required to move their arms to use the controller, and this would be helpful in keeping the elderly active. It adds an element of fun to the exercise because they are playing a game, like tennis or baseball, while they are also getting exercise moving the controlling mimicking swings. Also, if wiis are used in elderly communities they can compete against each other using the consoles, providing them with a safe way to be competitive. They could potentially have wii tournaments using games such as bowling, which would be fun for the elderly as well as making them engage in a form of physical activity. There are also some potential disadvantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. They may hurt themselves while engaging in the phsyical activity, potentially swinging the controller too hard and losing balance which would cause a fall, or cause joint pain. Also, with arthritis prevalent in the elderly community it may be painful for them to participate in the games using the wii. The wii would provide physical activity, while consoles like the xbox would just force them to use a controller and be stationary. This may improve their hand eye coordination. A downside and danger to using video games for health care is that it might provide the elderly with too much stimulation. For instance, if an elderly male gets too into the game and over-exerts himself it may cause him to have a heart attack. Dangers arise from the competition that comes along with video games. They may hurt each other while trying to play the game, or get in fights with each other. All in all, the potential advantages outweigh the potential disadvantages here because it will provide the elderly with some physical exercise as well as a sense of camaraderie and competition, and liven up their lives.
a)Two limitations of using the wii as a simulation are the wii controller, which is very basic and does not represent the actual controls of what is being simulated. It is just a handheld pointing device. Also, the remote only knows where itself is and not where the person is, and so it does not record or use the movements of the person and his or her body, but rather just the movements of the controller.
b) One potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of motion-sensing technology to track the movement of a body. For instance, motion sensors could be attached to a person to track them, or this could be used for animation to record the movements of the person and then translate that into the character. Motion-sensing technology can also be used for security purposes, such as motion-sensing lights on a house. Another potential use of the technology incorporated within the console is the use of a hand held pointing device to be used for presentations. The presenter could have a hand held pointing device, and use it to select options on a screen while he is presenting, and so it would serve as a laser pointer that would be able to select options as well, such as switching slides or selecting a hyper link.
c) Two devices that are not connected to each other can communicate with each other using Infra-Red light energy or radio waves to transmit the information. For instance, A TV controller communicates with the TV using infra-red light energy to carry or send the information from your tv remote to your tv. The red dot on the front of the controller blinks when you push buttons on the controller, and this is the infra-red light energy being transmitted. Another way two devices communicate that are not connected are radio waves. Garage door openers use radio waves to open the garage. The door opener sends out radio waves and the garage door receives receives them and carries out the command to open.
d)Evaluate the roll of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly.
There are many potential advantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. The wii allows the user of the console to get physical exercise playing the game. They are required to move their arms to use the controller, and this would be helpful in keeping the elderly active. It adds an element of fun to the exercise because they are playing a game, like tennis or baseball, while they are also getting exercise moving the controlling mimicking swings. Also, if wiis are used in elderly communities they can compete against each other using the consoles, providing them with a safe way to be competitive. They could potentially have wii tournaments using games such as bowling, which would be fun for the elderly as well as making them engage in a form of physical activity. There are also some potential disadvantages for the use of video game consoles in the health care of the elderly. They may hurt themselves while engaging in the phsyical activity, potentially swinging the controller too hard and losing balance which would cause a fall, or cause joint pain. Also, with arthritis prevalent in the elderly community it may be painful for them to participate in the games using the wii. The wii would provide physical activity, while consoles like the xbox would just force them to use a controller and be stationary. This may improve their hand eye coordination. A downside and danger to using video games for health care is that it might provide the elderly with too much stimulation. For instance, if an elderly male gets too into the game and over-exerts himself it may cause him to have a heart attack. Dangers arise from the competition that comes along with video games. They may hurt each other while trying to play the game, or get in fights with each other. All in all, the potential advantages outweigh the potential disadvantages here because it will provide the elderly with some physical exercise as well as a sense of camaraderie and competition, and liven up their lives.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
3.10 classwork
3.
A) Resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.
B) One interactive service would be a service like Comcast On Demand. This is a library of movies, tv shows, music videos, and other videos that the user can look through and pick something to watch. Some of these videos are free, while some of them (like movies) are not. Another interactive service that could be provided with a digital tv is a DVR, which allows the user of the television to record shows that are on tv and save them, and then watch them at a later time. They create a library with a certain amount of space made up of these shows, and they are allowed to keep them as long as they want or delete them.
C)Two ways a digital TV can communicate with the digital provider are through the cable box which sends a signal to the digital provider. This could be for the purpose of the user ordering a movie from the interactive service like on demand. Another way the tv communicates with the provider is through the binary digits sent through the air or telephone lines, and this sends information to the tv that is converted into images, which is what the user of the TV watches. This is interactive because they choose the channel which the tv is going to pick up.
D)The growth of video clips on the internet is greatly overtaking the need for digital tv. When a user can go online and watch movies or tv shows on websites like hulu or youtube, it pretty much eliminates the need for a television and cable. The use of youtube or hulu also is free, while cable is not and digital tvs are expensive as well. The only upside to having the tv would be to watch shows in real time, rather than after they occur. For instance, if there is a sports game on, that is time sensitive and the user would want to watch that when it is going on. This element of time is one of the reasons that the growth of video clips online has not completely taken over the need for digital tv. Another reason is that the clips online, or even full movies, come free while on tv they cost money, especially on on demand. The reason tv has stayed alive is due to the need to watch shows when they are happening, and to watch whole shows rather than small clips on youtube. Also, with the emergence of the dvr service the user can tape shows easily and save them on their cable box, and this is very convenient.
4.
A)A key field is a field or set of fields of a database which together form a unique identifier for the database. It is like a category, with it being at the top of the column and then everything under the category in the cells below.
B)The process to find a alphabetical list of all citizens who have had diabetes, do not smoke, and were born after 1990 would be to create a query using the query wizard, and select the key fields that contain names, diabetes, smoke, and birth date. Then under the criteria for the query you would enter yes for diabetes and no for smoker, and then <1.1.1990 for the birth date.
C)The difference between data matching and data mining is that data matching is comparing records in two different databases to find matches, while data mining is the process of finding patterns from large amounts of data. Therefore, with data matching the user is looking to find matches in the data from two different databases, while with data mining the user is instead looking for patterns within the data and not matches.
D)The advantages to medical research minimally outweigh the concerns of some of the citizens about the storage of their data. The reason for the storage of the data, to predict future health problems, is a good one but this does not call for the storage of the data. They want to find patterns of health issues that correspond to the genetic background of the individuals, which is also a good idea but it should be the citizens choice to do this rather than the scientists or government. The citizen has a right to privacy, and this does not include having their blood in a database if they do not want it to be. With this situation, they are encroaching upon the citizens rights by keeping the blood, and although with the use of ID numbers to conceal identities, if a person hacks and gets the ID numbers they could still data match with another database to find the names that match with the ID numbers and find out who has health issues and will. This could be used for very bad purposes. For instance, if the hacker knows that a man will have a heart attack he can find the man and force him to have one and it would automatically look like an accident rather than a murder. Also, this would reveal every Icelandic citizen's diseases that could be used against them.
A) Resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.
B) One interactive service would be a service like Comcast On Demand. This is a library of movies, tv shows, music videos, and other videos that the user can look through and pick something to watch. Some of these videos are free, while some of them (like movies) are not. Another interactive service that could be provided with a digital tv is a DVR, which allows the user of the television to record shows that are on tv and save them, and then watch them at a later time. They create a library with a certain amount of space made up of these shows, and they are allowed to keep them as long as they want or delete them.
C)Two ways a digital TV can communicate with the digital provider are through the cable box which sends a signal to the digital provider. This could be for the purpose of the user ordering a movie from the interactive service like on demand. Another way the tv communicates with the provider is through the binary digits sent through the air or telephone lines, and this sends information to the tv that is converted into images, which is what the user of the TV watches. This is interactive because they choose the channel which the tv is going to pick up.
D)The growth of video clips on the internet is greatly overtaking the need for digital tv. When a user can go online and watch movies or tv shows on websites like hulu or youtube, it pretty much eliminates the need for a television and cable. The use of youtube or hulu also is free, while cable is not and digital tvs are expensive as well. The only upside to having the tv would be to watch shows in real time, rather than after they occur. For instance, if there is a sports game on, that is time sensitive and the user would want to watch that when it is going on. This element of time is one of the reasons that the growth of video clips online has not completely taken over the need for digital tv. Another reason is that the clips online, or even full movies, come free while on tv they cost money, especially on on demand. The reason tv has stayed alive is due to the need to watch shows when they are happening, and to watch whole shows rather than small clips on youtube. Also, with the emergence of the dvr service the user can tape shows easily and save them on their cable box, and this is very convenient.
4.
A)A key field is a field or set of fields of a database which together form a unique identifier for the database. It is like a category, with it being at the top of the column and then everything under the category in the cells below.
B)The process to find a alphabetical list of all citizens who have had diabetes, do not smoke, and were born after 1990 would be to create a query using the query wizard, and select the key fields that contain names, diabetes, smoke, and birth date. Then under the criteria for the query you would enter yes for diabetes and no for smoker, and then <1.1.1990 for the birth date.
C)The difference between data matching and data mining is that data matching is comparing records in two different databases to find matches, while data mining is the process of finding patterns from large amounts of data. Therefore, with data matching the user is looking to find matches in the data from two different databases, while with data mining the user is instead looking for patterns within the data and not matches.
D)The advantages to medical research minimally outweigh the concerns of some of the citizens about the storage of their data. The reason for the storage of the data, to predict future health problems, is a good one but this does not call for the storage of the data. They want to find patterns of health issues that correspond to the genetic background of the individuals, which is also a good idea but it should be the citizens choice to do this rather than the scientists or government. The citizen has a right to privacy, and this does not include having their blood in a database if they do not want it to be. With this situation, they are encroaching upon the citizens rights by keeping the blood, and although with the use of ID numbers to conceal identities, if a person hacks and gets the ID numbers they could still data match with another database to find the names that match with the ID numbers and find out who has health issues and will. This could be used for very bad purposes. For instance, if the hacker knows that a man will have a heart attack he can find the man and force him to have one and it would automatically look like an accident rather than a murder. Also, this would reveal every Icelandic citizen's diseases that could be used against them.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Simulation Practice
1.
A)Light
B)Heat
2.
Two things you need to know in the development of the software is the effect of the inputs on the outputs of the greenhouse. For instance, if the amount of light is changed the outcome of this, like the change in relative humidity, must be known. Also, the properties of the materials used in the greenhouse must be known. For instance, if the amount of light penetration changes between types of glass this should be known, so the adjustments on the amount of light that will be let in will be known.
3.
One advantage to using simulations to design products such as greenhouses is that it allows the user to save money. This is because the user only has to use to the software, rather than test out the product such as the greenhouse and spend money on all the materials and testing time. It also saves the designer time by allowing them to change inputs and materials in the greenhouse very quickly. If they do not have to go to the store and buy the new materials, but just have to select a different material on the drop down list, this will save them time and allow them to use that time in making the greenhouse more efficient.
4.
Simulations of things like this are useful in teaching science because it allows the student to see how the input effects the output. The student will be able to use the software to change the inputs and see their effects, and this will allow them to learn more about the changes and effects of different materials on the outcome of the product. The student also is able to see these changes very quickly, and it reduces the time the student needs to reach conclusions about the input and output. They can use the program rather than create an actual experiment and this will save them time. Also, this program would allow them to design an experiment before they actually try and make it. This would make sure that the amount of error was minimal, because they could use the program to see if the experiment would work. It would also give them data to compare with, to see if the data from their experiment matched the data from the program. This would allow them to see the benefits and downsides of using a computer program to simulate a greenhouse.
A)Light
B)Heat
2.
Two things you need to know in the development of the software is the effect of the inputs on the outputs of the greenhouse. For instance, if the amount of light is changed the outcome of this, like the change in relative humidity, must be known. Also, the properties of the materials used in the greenhouse must be known. For instance, if the amount of light penetration changes between types of glass this should be known, so the adjustments on the amount of light that will be let in will be known.
3.
One advantage to using simulations to design products such as greenhouses is that it allows the user to save money. This is because the user only has to use to the software, rather than test out the product such as the greenhouse and spend money on all the materials and testing time. It also saves the designer time by allowing them to change inputs and materials in the greenhouse very quickly. If they do not have to go to the store and buy the new materials, but just have to select a different material on the drop down list, this will save them time and allow them to use that time in making the greenhouse more efficient.
4.
Simulations of things like this are useful in teaching science because it allows the student to see how the input effects the output. The student will be able to use the software to change the inputs and see their effects, and this will allow them to learn more about the changes and effects of different materials on the outcome of the product. The student also is able to see these changes very quickly, and it reduces the time the student needs to reach conclusions about the input and output. They can use the program rather than create an actual experiment and this will save them time. Also, this program would allow them to design an experiment before they actually try and make it. This would make sure that the amount of error was minimal, because they could use the program to see if the experiment would work. It would also give them data to compare with, to see if the data from their experiment matched the data from the program. This would allow them to see the benefits and downsides of using a computer program to simulate a greenhouse.
Tuesday, March 8, 2011
Simulation and Questions
Model: a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
Simulation: the act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous
Simulations actually imitate the behavior of a situation, while a model hypothetically describes the situation and outcome
http://www.mimic.ws/products/training-modules.php
http://www.engadget.com/2010/02/26/robotic-surgical-simulator-lets-doctors-sharpen-their-skills-by/
1. How well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory? How well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data?
The modelers of the simulation understand the human body very well. It has been studied in great depth, and although there are different phenomena, through actual surgeries and many robotic surgeries now being done, the method with which the surgery has to be done is now known. The properties of the human body are fairly well understood, and it is definitely known enough for the person to do the surgery. The simulation has objects representing parts of the body. The data therefore is fairly complete, however it is simplified with the body parts not being exactly as they would look when a robotic surgery is performed. However, the data about what needs to be done during the robotic surgery is known.
2. What are the assumptions and simplifications in the model?
The simplifications in the model are vast, and they range from the details of the images to the consistency of the body. They do not use an actual image of a heart per say, but use an image that represents the heart. It also assumes that there are no complications in the surgery, while in actual surgery there may be some. It also assumes what the persons body is like, while the human body and anatomy may vary slightly from person to person. The model assumes that the user knows what is what inside the body, and it assumes what the body of the person may be like. The program however is used to get doctors used to using a robot for the surgery, and how to use the controls. The specifics are not as important in the simulation, however the doctor does learn how to use the robotic hands to do the surgery.
3. How closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with results from physical experiments or real experience?
The results and predictions of the model correspond with the physical experiments and real experience very closely. They use the same basic anatomy of the human body, and the user will use the machine to do the simulation surgery. The difference is that every body is not the same, and so there will be differences that may be small or large, that when the user is actually doing a robotic surgery will have to take into account. However, this is a useful tool to help the user get used to the controls and doing a robotic surgery, and it would definitely help them improve.
Simulation: the act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous
Simulations actually imitate the behavior of a situation, while a model hypothetically describes the situation and outcome
http://www.mimic.ws/products/training-modules.php
http://www.engadget.com/2010/02/26/robotic-surgical-simulator-lets-doctors-sharpen-their-skills-by/
1. How well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory? How well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data?
The modelers of the simulation understand the human body very well. It has been studied in great depth, and although there are different phenomena, through actual surgeries and many robotic surgeries now being done, the method with which the surgery has to be done is now known. The properties of the human body are fairly well understood, and it is definitely known enough for the person to do the surgery. The simulation has objects representing parts of the body. The data therefore is fairly complete, however it is simplified with the body parts not being exactly as they would look when a robotic surgery is performed. However, the data about what needs to be done during the robotic surgery is known.
2. What are the assumptions and simplifications in the model?
The simplifications in the model are vast, and they range from the details of the images to the consistency of the body. They do not use an actual image of a heart per say, but use an image that represents the heart. It also assumes that there are no complications in the surgery, while in actual surgery there may be some. It also assumes what the persons body is like, while the human body and anatomy may vary slightly from person to person. The model assumes that the user knows what is what inside the body, and it assumes what the body of the person may be like. The program however is used to get doctors used to using a robot for the surgery, and how to use the controls. The specifics are not as important in the simulation, however the doctor does learn how to use the robotic hands to do the surgery.
3. How closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with results from physical experiments or real experience?
The results and predictions of the model correspond with the physical experiments and real experience very closely. They use the same basic anatomy of the human body, and the user will use the machine to do the simulation surgery. The difference is that every body is not the same, and so there will be differences that may be small or large, that when the user is actually doing a robotic surgery will have to take into account. However, this is a useful tool to help the user get used to the controls and doing a robotic surgery, and it would definitely help them improve.
Friday, March 4, 2011
4.5, 4.6, 4.25, 4.26, 4.28
4.5
The questions that are used to evaluate the models are how well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory of the system being studied? how well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data? What are the assumptions and simplifications of reality of this model? and how closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with the results from physical experiments or real experience?
4.6
Both the crash analysis models and the climate models use a grid which is a simplification, and because of grid limitations small storms, clouds, and other small phenomena that fall between the grid points are not accurately represented. Car Crash models also do not represent the continuous aspect of time, and instead depict it in steps.
4.25
An argument in this man's defense is that his judgement, having been in the field with 25 years of experience, would be better than the computers judgement. He knows what is safe with burns, and if he believes that the computer model was not good and his was better than he should stick to his gut. It is also shown that he knows what a safe burn would be because there were no complications with the fire. An argument from the boss's side is that the employee should have consulted him first, and that the computer should be trusted because it does not include the factor of human error and so would not make a mistake. The man could have made a simple mistake when calculating the burn area and this could have ended up in a massive fire.
4.26
A) If the company has only tested it with a computer and has not physically tested the product i would award the plaintiff more money because there could have been a glitch in the program and physical tests will accurately show what will happen. The computer may not pick up other effects the physical test would. Therefore my decision would be affected by the company's testing policy, because to ensure safety both testing methods should have been used.
B) If the injury rate is the same for all three of the companies i would then not make my decision based on the testing methods at all. This shows that the type of testing does not affect the injury rate, and so this would not come into play in my decision as all of the companies are the same. However, if the injury rate is just high, and it could be shown that the injury rate could have been reduced but wasn't, that would affect the amount of the money I would award the plaintiff. It would show negligence on the company's side to not make sure safety was a top concern and fix problems.
4.28
1) I believe that this model would be accurate because it is very mathematical, and it would be a simple formula to see how much income tax would effect the revenue.
2) This would be only fairly reliable, depending on how consistent the moon moves around the earth. If it moves the same orbit around the earth every year than to measure it 30 years from now would still work, assuming that the orbit does not change. If it is shown that the moon orbit hasn't changed in more than 30 years then it could be assumed that the results would be accurate.
3) This would not be very reliable because the amount needed is influenced by people greatly, and there may be technological developments that change the need for optical fiber. Therefore the use of it and the need for it is hard to be predicted.
4) This also would not be very accurate because this could change a year from now based on the consumption of fossil fuels, and the amount could fluctuate very easily. It is not known how much fossil fuels we will continue to burn, and even if 10 years from now we will still be using nonrenewable resources, so predicting the effect 50 years from now would most likely not be accurate or reliable.
5) This would be fairly accurate because there are less variables than the other predictions. If the wind conditions are known, it should be easy to see how, with the effect of the wind and the water, the boat would be able to go. It is assumed that the speed would change based on the water conditions, but it should be fairly accurate for whatever condition they are testing for.
The questions that are used to evaluate the models are how well do the modelers understand the underlying science or theory of the system being studied? how well understood are the relevant properties of the materials involved? How accurate and complete are the data? What are the assumptions and simplifications of reality of this model? and how closely do the results or predictions of the model correspond with the results from physical experiments or real experience?
4.6
Both the crash analysis models and the climate models use a grid which is a simplification, and because of grid limitations small storms, clouds, and other small phenomena that fall between the grid points are not accurately represented. Car Crash models also do not represent the continuous aspect of time, and instead depict it in steps.
4.25
An argument in this man's defense is that his judgement, having been in the field with 25 years of experience, would be better than the computers judgement. He knows what is safe with burns, and if he believes that the computer model was not good and his was better than he should stick to his gut. It is also shown that he knows what a safe burn would be because there were no complications with the fire. An argument from the boss's side is that the employee should have consulted him first, and that the computer should be trusted because it does not include the factor of human error and so would not make a mistake. The man could have made a simple mistake when calculating the burn area and this could have ended up in a massive fire.
4.26
A) If the company has only tested it with a computer and has not physically tested the product i would award the plaintiff more money because there could have been a glitch in the program and physical tests will accurately show what will happen. The computer may not pick up other effects the physical test would. Therefore my decision would be affected by the company's testing policy, because to ensure safety both testing methods should have been used.
B) If the injury rate is the same for all three of the companies i would then not make my decision based on the testing methods at all. This shows that the type of testing does not affect the injury rate, and so this would not come into play in my decision as all of the companies are the same. However, if the injury rate is just high, and it could be shown that the injury rate could have been reduced but wasn't, that would affect the amount of the money I would award the plaintiff. It would show negligence on the company's side to not make sure safety was a top concern and fix problems.
4.28
1) I believe that this model would be accurate because it is very mathematical, and it would be a simple formula to see how much income tax would effect the revenue.
2) This would be only fairly reliable, depending on how consistent the moon moves around the earth. If it moves the same orbit around the earth every year than to measure it 30 years from now would still work, assuming that the orbit does not change. If it is shown that the moon orbit hasn't changed in more than 30 years then it could be assumed that the results would be accurate.
3) This would not be very reliable because the amount needed is influenced by people greatly, and there may be technological developments that change the need for optical fiber. Therefore the use of it and the need for it is hard to be predicted.
4) This also would not be very accurate because this could change a year from now based on the consumption of fossil fuels, and the amount could fluctuate very easily. It is not known how much fossil fuels we will continue to burn, and even if 10 years from now we will still be using nonrenewable resources, so predicting the effect 50 years from now would most likely not be accurate or reliable.
5) This would be fairly accurate because there are less variables than the other predictions. If the wind conditions are known, it should be easy to see how, with the effect of the wind and the water, the boat would be able to go. It is assumed that the speed would change based on the water conditions, but it should be fairly accurate for whatever condition they are testing for.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)